Impact of COVID-19 vaccination in post-COVID cardiac complications
Josefina B Parodi1, Agustín Indavere1, Pamela Bobadilla Jacob1
1Instituto Cardiovascular Lezica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Insights
COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces the risk of post-COVID cardiac complications and persistent long-COVID symptoms. Fully vaccinating the population is crucial for mitigating these adverse health outcomes following infection.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Post-COVID-19 infection can lead to cardiac complications and persistent long-COVID symptoms.
- While COVID-19 vaccination reduces mortality and ICU admissions, its impact on post-COVID cardiac issues remains understudied.
- Understanding vaccination's role in preventing cardiac sequelae is vital for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between COVID-19 vaccination status and the prevalence of post-COVID cardiac injury.
- To evaluate the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the occurrence of persistent long-COVID cardiac symptoms.
- To assess echocardiographic findings in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals post-COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 1883 patients evaluated for post-COVID conditions.
- Exclusion of patients with pre-existing heart disease.
- Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, and clinical variables to assess vaccination's impact on cardiac injury and persistent symptoms.
Main Results:
- Vaccination was linked to a significantly lower prevalence of cardiac injury (1.35% vs. 4.11%, adjusted OR 0.33, p=0.01).
- The vaccinated group exhibited a lower prevalence of persistent long-COVID symptoms (10.7% vs. 18.3%, adjusted OR 0.52, p<0.001).
- A complete vaccination scheme was defined as at least two doses administered 14 days or more prior to evaluation.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of post-COVID cardiac complications.
- Vaccination correlates with a lower incidence of persistent long-COVID symptoms.
- These findings underscore the importance of widespread COVID-19 vaccination for preventing adverse cardiac sequelae.
Background:
After the acute infection, COVID-19 can produce cardiac complications as well as long-COVID persistent symptoms. Although vaccination against COVID-19 represented a clear reduction in both mortality and ICU admissions, there is very little information on whether this was accompanied by a decrease in the prevalence of post-COVID cardiac complications. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and the prevalence of post-COVID cardiac injury assessed by echocardiogram, and long-COVID persistent cardiac symptoms.
Methods:
All patients who consulted for post-COVID evaluation 14 days after discharge from acute illness were included. Patients with heart disease were excluded. The relationship between complete vaccination scheme (at least two doses applied with 14 days or more since the last dose) and pathological echocardiographic findings, as well as the relationship of vaccination with persistent long-COVID symptoms, were evaluated by multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex and clinical variables that would have shown significant differences in univariate analysis.
Results:
From 1883 patients, 1070 patients (56.8%) suffered acute COVID-19 without a complete vaccination scheme. Vaccination was associated with lower prevalence of cardiac injury (1.35% versus 4.11%, adjusted OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.17-0.65, p=0.01). In addition, vaccinated group had a lower prevalence of persistent long-COVID symptoms compared to unvaccinated patients (10.7% versus 18.3%, adjusted OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.40-0.69, p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Vaccination against COVID-19 was associated with lower post-COVID cardiac complications and symptoms, reinforcing the importance of fully vaccinating the population.
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