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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 12, 2025

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
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Environmental factors affecting pregnancy outcomes.

Anastasia-Konstantina Sakali1, Maria Papagianni2,3, Alexandra Bargiota1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.

Endocrine
|February 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review examines their catalytic effect on maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.

Keywords:
Endocrine disrupting chemicalsEnvironmental factorsIUGRPregnancy outcomesPreterm birthTransgenerational effects

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Reproductive Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Pregnancy is a vulnerable period affected by environmental exposures.
  • Environmental factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can impact maternal and fetal metabolism.
  • These exposures may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the association between environmental factors, including EDCs, and pregnancy outcomes.
  • To investigate potential direct and indirect effects on maternal and fetal health.
  • To highlight the importance of these associations for the scientific community.

Main Methods:

  • A critical review of in vivo animal and human studies was conducted.
  • Searches included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to October 2022.
  • Emphasis was placed on EDC-induced transgenerational effects and quality assessment using SANRA criteria.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests associations between environmental factors and negative pregnancy outcomes.
  • These include ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders.
  • Other outcomes include preterm birth, birth defects, and growth restrictions (IUGR, SGA, LGA).

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors and EDCs can significantly influence pregnancy course and outcomes.
  • These factors may act catalytically, exacerbating risks.
  • Further research is crucial to understand and mitigate these impacts.