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Long-Term Risk for Mood and Anxiety Disorders After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based, Birth
Dmitry Esterov1, Julie Witkowski, Dana M McCall
1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Drs Esterov and Brown), Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics (Ms Weaver), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota (Drs Witkowski and McCall). Dr Witkowski is now with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern Medicine, Wheaton, Illinois. Dr McCall is now with the Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
|February 2, 2023
Summary
Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) before age 10 was not linked to later mood or anxiety disorders. However, females with TBI showed a higher risk for mood disorders by age 25.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood may impact long-term mental health.
- Understanding the association between early TBI and subsequent mood or anxiety disorders is crucial for early intervention and support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) before 10 years of age and the development of mood or anxiety disorders by age 25.
- To examine if sex or injury severity modifies the risk of developing these disorders after early TBI.
Main Methods:
- A population-based birth cohort study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, followed individuals born between 1976 and 1982.
- Children with TBI before age 10 were identified and matched with referents without TBI.
- Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of mood or anxiety disorders by age 25, with analyses stratified by sex and injury severity.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between childhood TBI and anxiety disorders (aHR, 1.01) or mood disorders (aHR, 1.16).
- Females who experienced TBI before age 10 had a significantly increased risk of developing a mood disorder by age 25 (aHR, 1.40).
- Injury severity did not significantly influence the risk for mood or anxiety disorders in the overall cohort.
Conclusions:
- Isolated TBI in childhood (before age 10) does not appear to significantly increase the risk for anxiety or mood disorders by age 25.
- Females who sustain TBI in early childhood may face a heightened risk for developing mood disorders later in life.
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