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Related Concept Videos

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

63.4K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
63.4K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

667
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

481
Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Modulating Shape of Polyester Based Polymersomes using Osmotic Pressure
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Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Desiccants: Thirsty Saloplastics.

John Akintola1, Zachary A Digby1, Joseph B Schlenoff1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States.

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New polymer complex desiccants (PECs) efficiently remove water from organic solvents. These novel drying agents offer a low-temperature regeneration and reduced particle shedding compared to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Desiccants are crucial for removing water in various chemical processes.
  • Organic reactions are often sensitive to trace amounts of water, necessitating effective drying agents.
  • Existing desiccants can have limitations in regeneration or particle shedding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new class of desiccants based on polymer complex electrolytes (PECs).
  • To quantify the water affinity of PECs using enthalpy of hydration.
  • To evaluate the performance of a specific PEC in drying common organic solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of PECs using combinations of positively charged (Pol+) and negatively charged (Pol-) polymers.
  • Measurement of enthalpies of hydration using solution calorimetry at room temperature.
  • Drying of acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene using a shaped PEC derived from poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and poly(styrene sulfonate).
  • Quantification of residual water using tritium radiolabeling.

Main Results:

  • All prepared PECs exhibited favorable exothermic enthalpies of hydration.
  • The tested PEC demonstrated drying efficiency comparable to molecular sieve 3A and calcium sulfate after 3 days.
  • The PEC could be regenerated at a lower temperature (120 °C) and produced significantly less dust than conventional desiccants.

Conclusions:

  • Complexed polyelectrolytes represent a promising new class of desiccants.
  • Enthalpy of hydration is a viable metric for assessing PEC water affinity.
  • The developed PEC offers advantages in terms of regeneration temperature and reduced particle shedding for solvent drying applications.