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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.5K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.5K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

667
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
667
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.9K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
23.9K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

1.9K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
1.9K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

348
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
348
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

691
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
691

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Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Electrochemical solid-state amorphization in the immiscible Cu-Li system.

Muhua Sun1, Jiake Wei2, Zhi Xu1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Science Bulletin
|February 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrasmall copper (Cu) nanocrystals enable alloying with lithium (Li), forming amorphous CuLiₓ nanoalloys. This nanoscale size effect overcomes immiscibility, enabling new material possibilities.

Keywords:
Electrochemical solid-state amorphizationImmiscible Cu-Li systemIn-situ TEMLithium ion batteryNanoscale size effect

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Copper (Cu) and lithium (Li) typically form an immiscible binary system with no alloying.
  • Nanoscale size effects can significantly alter material properties and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the miscibility of copper and lithium at the nanoscale.
  • To explore the electrochemical alloying behavior of ultrasmall copper nanoparticles with lithium.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of individual CuO nanowire lithiation.
  • Electrochemical reduction and alloying processes observed in real-time.

Main Results:

  • CuO nanowires reduce to ultrasmall Cu nanocrystals.
  • Cu nanocrystals below a critical size (approx. 6 nm) undergo electrochemical lithiation.
  • Formation of amorphous CuLiₓ nanoalloys observed, demonstrating solid-state amorphization.
  • Electron beam irradiation was ruled out as the cause and shown to induce dealloying.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoscale size effects enable alloying in the otherwise immiscible Cu-Li system.
  • Electrochemical lithiation of ultrasmall Cu nanocrystals leads to solid-state amorphization.
  • The critical grain size of Cu is a key factor for inducing miscibility with Li.