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Evolution of COVID-19 Health Disparities in Arizona
Felix L Shen1, Jingmin Shu2,3, Matthew Lee2
1Paradise Valley High School, Phoenix, AZ, 85032, USA.
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
|February 9, 2023
Summary
COVID-19 disparities in Arizona shifted over time. Initially, Latinx communities faced higher risks, but this improved. Black communities and those with young populations and high unemployment later showed increased vulnerability.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Health Equity
Background:
- COVID-19 disproportionately impacted underserved communities in Arizona.
- Understanding the dynamic nature of these health disparities is crucial for effective interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the evolving landscape of COVID-19 disparities at the community level.
- To identify emerging vulnerable subpopulations and temporal patterns in health inequities.
Main Methods:
- Biweekly COVID-19 case counts from 274 Arizona zip code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) from Oct 2020 to Nov 2021.
- Multiple regression analysis to assess associations between COVID-19 growth rate and ZCTA demographics (race/ethnicity, income, employment, age).
- Temporal comparison of these associations to identify changing disparity patterns.
Main Results:
- The association between Latinx population percentage and COVID-19 growth rate shifted from positive to negative post-April 2021.
- The Black population percentage became positively associated with COVID-19 growth rate after Jan 2021.
- Younger median age and higher unemployment rates emerged as new risk factors in mid-August 2021.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 health disparities are dynamic, with initial improvements for Latinx communities possibly due to targeted programs.
- Disadvantaged social determinants of health continue to drive disparities, with new vulnerabilities emerging.
- Findings necessitate adaptive resource allocation and interventions to address evolving community-level risks.
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