Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis
06:22

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Published on: September 1, 2019

9.1K

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Elena Lebduska1, Deidra Beshear2, Brielle M Spataro3

  • 1University of Colorado, UC Heath Internal Medicine - Lowry, 8111 E. Lowry boulevard, Denver, CO 80230, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|February 9, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in premenopausal women has many causes, classified by the PALM-COIEN system. Diagnosis involves history, pelvic exam, and tests, with treatments ranging from medication to surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a frequent gynecological complaint in premenopausal women.
  • AUB is defined by deviations in bleeding frequency, duration, volume, or regularity.
  • The PALM-COIEN system provides a standardized classification for AUB etiologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic approach for abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women.
  • To present the current treatment modalities for abnormal uterine bleeding.
  • To emphasize the importance of a systematic evaluation for AUB.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive patient history, including menstrual, sexual, and family history.
  • Physical examination, including speculum and bimanual pelvic examination.
  • Laboratory investigations such as pregnancy testing and complete blood count (CBC) with platelets.

Main Results:

  • Etiologies of AUB can be systematically classified using the PALM-COIEN system.
  • Diagnostic workup includes thorough history, physical exam, and specific tests.
  • Treatment strategies are tailored to the underlying cause of AUB.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of abnormal uterine bleeding requires accurate diagnosis based on the PALM-COIEN classification.
  • Treatment options for AUB encompass both medical (e.g., hormonal therapies, tranexamic acid) and surgical interventions (e.g., endometrial ablation, hysterectomy).
  • A multidisciplinary approach ensures optimal patient outcomes for premenopausal women experiencing AUB.

Keywords:
Abnormal uterine bleedingFibroidsHeavy menstrual bleedingPolyps

More Related Videos

Introduction of Intracapsular Rotary-cut Procedures IRCP: A Modified Hysteromyomectomy Procedures Facilitating Fertility Preservation05:46

Introduction of Intracapsular Rotary-cut Procedures IRCP: A Modified Hysteromyomectomy Procedures Facilitating Fertility Preservation

Published on: January 17, 2019

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Surgical Methods and Outcomes in Oviductal Cloned Pig Embryo Transfers05:41

Author Spotlight: Surgical Methods and Outcomes in Oviductal Cloned Pig Embryo Transfers

Published on: October 18, 2024

930

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
435
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
1.0K
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
358
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
113
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.9K
Uterine Tubes01:16

Uterine Tubes

The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...
838