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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Updated: Aug 11, 2025

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
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Hydrogen isotope analysis in W-tiles using fs-LIBS.

Steffen Mittelmann1, Kévin Touchet2, Xianglei Mao2

  • 1Institute of Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. steffen.mittelmann@hhu.de.

Scientific Reports
|February 9, 2023
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Summary

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can analyze deuterium in fusion reactors. This study demonstrates femtosecond laser LIBS for detecting low deuterium concentrations in tungsten, crucial for fusion safety.

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Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Fusion Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Monitoring hydrogen isotopes like deuterium and tritium is vital for fusion reactor safety and operation.
  • Plasma-facing components in fusion devices require in-situ analysis to assess material integrity and fuel retention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of femtosecond laser pulses for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS).
  • To quantify low deuterium concentrations in tungsten exposed to plasma, mimicking fusion reactor conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulses for ablation and excitation of tungsten samples.
  • Employing a high-resolution spectrometer to detect the Balmer-alpha transition of hydrogen isotopes.
  • Applying Calibration-Free LIBS (CF-LIBS) for quantitative analysis of deuterium content.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected and quantified deuterium implanted in tungsten tiles using femtosecond LIBS.
  • Demonstrated the capability of the method to measure low deuterium concentrations relevant to fusion experiments.
  • Validated the applicability of CF-LIBS for in-situ analysis in a simulated first-wall environment.

Conclusions:

  • Femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a viable technique for analyzing hydrogen isotope retention in fusion materials.
  • This method offers a promising approach for ensuring the safety and availability of future magnetic confinement fusion reactors.
  • The study provides a proof-of-principle for using advanced laser spectroscopy in fusion energy research.