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PADs and NETs in digestive system: From physiology to pathology
Yi-Hang Song1, Zhi-Jie Wang1, Le Kang1
1Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|February 10, 2023
Summary
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are key in health and disease. Excessive PAD and NET activation contributes to digestive inflammatory and oncological diseases, suggesting therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze citrullination, a post-translational modification.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released via NETosis, a form of neutrophil cell death.
- Both PADs and NETs play dual roles in physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological and pathological roles of PADs and NETs.
- To highlight the involvement of PAD2 and PAD4 in digestive system diseases.
- To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting PADs and NETs in gastrointestinal conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on PAD and NET functions.
- Analysis of studies investigating PAD2 and PAD4 in digestive diseases.
- Synthesis of information on therapeutic prospects.
Main Results:
- PADs and NETs are implicated in both normal physiological functions and disease pathogenesis.
- Dysregulated PAD and NET activity is linked to inflammatory and oncological diseases in the digestive system.
- PAD2 and PAD4 are specifically identified as key players in these digestive pathologies.
Conclusions:
- Excessive activation of PADs and NETs shifts their function from protective to detrimental.
- Targeting PADs and NETs offers potential therapeutic avenues for digestive inflammatory and oncological diseases.
- Further research into PAD2 and PAD4 functions may yield novel treatment strategies.
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