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The Influence of Comorbidities on Chemokine and Cytokine Profile in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Preliminary

Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska¹, Katarzyna Górna¹, Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik¹

¹Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|February 11, 2023

Abstract

Introduction:

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequently associated with a chronic inflammatory state and cardiovascular/metabolic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of certain comorbidities on a panel of 45 chemokines and cytokines in OSA patients with special regard to their possible association with cardiovascular diseases.

Material And Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed on 61 newly diagnosed OSA patients. For the measurement of the plasma concentration of chemokines and cytokines, the magnetic bead-based multiplex assay for the Luminex^® platform was used.

Results:

In the patients with concomitant COPD, there were increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL11, CD-40 ligand) and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), while in diabetes, there were increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TRIAL). Obesity was associated with increased levels of both pro-inflammatory (IL-13) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1RA) cytokines. Hypertension was associated with increased levels of both pro-inflammatory (CCL3) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Increased daytime pCO₂, low mean nocturnal SaO₂, and the oxygen desaturation index were associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL1, PDGF-AB, TNF-α, and IL-15).

Conclusions:

In OSA patients with concomitant diabetes and COPD, elevated levels of certain pro-inflammatory and decreased levels of certain anti-inflammatory cytokines may favor the persistence of a chronic inflammatory state with further consequences. Nocturnal hypoxemia, frequent episodes of desaturation, and increased daytime pCO₂ are factors contributing to the chronic inflammatory state in OSA patients.

Keywords:

COPD chemokines diabetes hypertension inflammatory cytokines obstructive sleep apnea

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