Mechanical Response of Epoxy Resin-Flax Fiber Composites Subjected to Repeated Loading and Creep Recovery Tests

Flax fiber-reinforced plastics have an innate eco-friendly nature due to the fiber reinforcement and reduced energy requirements in fabrication when compared to current fiber reinforced composite materials. They possess a complex time-dependent material behavior, which is investigated in the present paper. A composite material with flax fiber reinforcement on the load direction, embedded in an epoxy resin matrix, was studied. The procedures used were tensile tests, repeated loading-recovery, and creep-recovery tests, which were meant to expose the components of the response with respect to stress level and load duration. The results showed an elastic bi-linear behavior, a yield point at approximately 20% of the ultimate tensile stress, and tensile moduli of 35.9 GPa and 26.3 GPa, before and after yield. This is coupled with significant non-linear viscoelastic and, after yield, viscoplastic components, accounting for up to 14% of the strain response. The behavior is inherited from both the matrix and the fiber reinforcement and is attributed to the amorphous nature of the matrix combined with the microstructural re-organization of the fiber under load, which are partially reversible.