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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Cellulose-Based Scaffolds: A Comparative Study for Potential Application in Articular Cartilage.

Rachel Cordeiro1,2, Rui D Alvites2,3,4, Ana C Sousa2,3,4

  • 1Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal.

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|February 11, 2023
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This study explored cellulose-reinforced poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for osteoarthritis repair. Methyl cellulose scaffolds showed promising mechanical properties for cartilage regeneration.

Keywords:
PCLcartilage repaircellulosescaffoldtissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis is a widespread degenerative joint disease causing cartilage loss.
  • Tissue engineering offers a promising therapeutic approach for cartilage repair using scaffolds, cells, and stimuli.
  • Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based scaffolds are being investigated for cartilage regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds incorporating different types and percentages of cellulose.
  • To evaluate the morphological, mechanical, degradation, and biological properties of these novel composite scaffolds.
  • To identify optimal scaffold compositions for enhancing cartilage repair using human dental pulp stem/stromal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Scaffolds were fabricated using poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) combined with microcrystalline cellulose (McC), methyl cellulose (MC), or corncob cellulose (CcC) at 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations.
  • Morphological analysis assessed scaffold porosity.
  • Mechanical testing evaluated compression resistance and tensile strength.
  • In vitro degradation studies were performed over 7 days.
  • Biological assessments involved culturing human dental pulp stem/stromal cells on the scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Scaffold porosities ranged from 57% to 65%, suitable for cell infiltration.
  • Cellulose incorporation generally affected compression resistance, with methyl cellulose scaffolds showing properties closer to native cartilage.
  • Microcrystalline cellulose at 2% (McC2%) exhibited the highest tensile strength.
  • All scaffolds underwent degradation within 7 days, potentially due to PCL dissolution.
  • PCL, corncob cellulose at 1% (CcC1%), and microcrystalline cellulose at 3% (McC3%) demonstrated the best compatibility with human dental pulp stem/stromal cells.
  • Cellulose incorporation enhanced cellular adhesion and proliferation on PCL scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • Cellulose incorporation into PCL scaffolds positively influences cellular interactions, promoting adhesion and proliferation.
  • Methyl cellulose scaffolds exhibit promising mechanical characteristics for potential applications in cartilage repair.
  • Composite scaffolds containing specific cellulose types and concentrations show potential as viable biomaterials for osteoarthritis treatment.