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Frequency-Domain-Based Structure Losses for CycleGAN-Based Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Translation.

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This study introduces a novel frequency-based loss to improve CycleGAN synthetic medical imaging, reducing artifacts and enhancing image quality for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to computed tomography (CT) translation.

Keywords:
CBCT enhancementfrequency lossmedical image translationstructure losssynthetic CTunpaired image translation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • CycleGAN enables synthetic medical image generation from unpaired data.
  • Artifacts in CycleGAN-generated images limit their clinical reliability.
  • Improving image quality for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to computed tomography (CT) translation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address CycleGAN artifacts in medical imaging.
  • To propose and evaluate a generalized frequency-based loss for CycleGAN.
  • To enhance the translation of CBCT to CT-like quality synthetic CT (sCT) images.

Main Methods:

  • Explored the impact of structure losses on CycleGAN.
  • Developed a generalized frequency-based loss to preserve frequency domain content.
  • Applied the proposed loss to CBCT to CT image translation.
  • Compared generated sCT images against baseline CycleGAN and other structure losses.

Main Results:

  • Proposed methods quantitatively and qualitatively improved over baseline CycleGAN across all metrics (MAE, MSE, NMSE, PSNR, SSIM).
  • Achieved superior performance compared to existing structure losses.
  • Generated sCT images exhibited no observable artifacts or loss in image quality.
  • Demonstrated superior performance of generated sCTs over original CBCT on downstream tasks.

Conclusions:

  • The generalized frequency-based loss effectively reduces artifacts in CycleGAN-generated medical images.
  • This novel approach enhances the quality and reliability of synthetic CT images.
  • The improved sCT images show potential for better performance in downstream clinical applications.