Recent progress in three-terminal artificial synapses based on 2D materials: from mechanisms to applications

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience and Materials Science
• Focuses on the intersection of brain function and advanced materials for computing.

Background:

• Synapses are crucial for neural signal transmission and learning via plasticity.
• Neuromorphic electronics aim to replicate synapse functions in artificial systems.
• Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer promising properties for artificial synapse fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review research on three-terminal artificial synapses utilizing 2D materials.
• To explore applications of these artificial synapses in various sensory systems.
• To outline current challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Focuses on electrical, optical, and mechanical stimulation methods for regulating artificial synapses.
• Systematically reviews existing literature and research findings.
• Analyzes applications in areas like bioplastic bionics and pattern recognition.

Main Results:

• Highlights the potential of 2D materials in creating efficient artificial synapses.
• Demonstrates successful applications in logical transformation, associative learning, and image recognition.
• Identifies key advancements in multimodal pattern recognition using artificial synapses.

Conclusions:

• Three-terminal artificial synapses based on 2D materials show significant promise for AI hardware.
• Further research is needed to address challenges in integration, power consumption, and functionality.
• The field presents opportunities for novel hardware architectures inspired by biological systems.