Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urea Cycle01:23

Urea Cycle

45.3K
The urea cycle describes how liver cells convert ammonia to urea. Ammonia is a toxic waste product of protein catabolism. Land animals must convert ammonia into the less toxic urea which can be safely eliminated by the kidneys through urine. Marine animals excrete ammonia directly, and the surrounding water dilutes the ammonia to safe levels.
45.3K
Comparative Excretory Systems02:24

Comparative Excretory Systems

19.9K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
19.9K
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

54
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
54
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

8.4K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
8.4K
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

2.5K
Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Risk factors on the unintentional injuries among rural children aged 0-12 in Shaanxi province].

Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi·2013
Same author

Adcyap1r1 genotype, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression among women exposed to childhood maltreatment.

Depression and anxiety·2013
Same author

Current status and challenge of Human Parasitology teaching in China.

Pathogens and global health·2012
Same author

Molecular characterization of heterogeneous mesenchymal stem cells with single-cell transcriptomes.

Biotechnology advances·2012
Same author

Surgical treatment of ossification of the ligamentum flavum associated with dural ossification in the thoracic spine.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·2012
Same author

Broadband focusing ultrasonic transducers based on dimpled LiNbO3 plate with inversion layer.

IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control·2012
Same journal

Post-Moore two-dimensional integrated electronics for angstrom-nodes.

National science review·2026
Same journal

A multienzyme-mimicking nanoplatform induces disulfidptosis/cuproptosis/apoptosis for tumor therapy.

National science review·2026
Same journal

Nanogalvanic cell catalysts: bridging electrochemical and thermal catalysis.

National science review·2026
Same journal

Temporal genomics reveal rapid adaptation to pesticide exposure in Eastern honeybees.

National science review·2026
Same journal

Making reservoirs cleaner through a Pattern-Process-Effect-Regulation framework.

National science review·2026
Same journal

Occupancy as a key attribute linking saprotrophic fungi to soil carbon decomposition.

National science review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

10.1K

Multi-heterointerfaces for selective and efficient urea production.

Danyan Zhang1,2, Yurui Xue1,3, Xuchen Zheng1,2

  • 1Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

National Science Review
|February 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel catalyst for efficient industrial urea synthesis. This new graphdiyne-metal oxide catalyst system enables selective urea production from carbon dioxide and nitrite with high performance.

Keywords:
carbon materialshigh-performance conversionmulti-heterointerfacesporous materialsurea synthesis

More Related Videos

Hot Biological Catalysis: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Characterize Enzymatic Reactions
13:00

Hot Biological Catalysis: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Characterize Enzymatic Reactions

Published on: April 4, 2014

20.8K
Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
08:24

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 9, 2025

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
06:24

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

10.1K
Hot Biological Catalysis: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Characterize Enzymatic Reactions
13:00

Hot Biological Catalysis: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry to Characterize Enzymatic Reactions

Published on: April 4, 2014

20.8K
Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling
08:24

Optimization of the Ugi Reaction Using Parallel Synthesis and Automated Liquid Handling

Published on: November 11, 2008

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Industrial urea synthesis faces challenges due to inefficient catalysts lacking selectivity and activity.
  • Developing advanced catalysts is crucial for optimizing urea production processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a new catalyst system for highly selective industrial urea synthesis.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind the catalyst's high performance.

Main Methods:

  • In situ growth of graphdiyne on cobalt-nickel mixed oxides to create a multi-heterojunction interfacial structure.
  • Electrochemical studies to analyze charge transfer, intermediate adsorption/desorption, and C-N coupling.
  • Performance evaluation under room temperature and pressure conditions using nitrite and carbon dioxide in water.

Main Results:

  • The catalyst demonstrated a record-high Faradaic efficiency of 64.3% and nitrogen selectivity (Nurea-selectivity) of 86.0%.
  • Achieved near-perfect carbon selectivity (Curea-selectivity) of ~100% and high urea yield rates (913.2 μg h-1 mgcat-1).
  • Exhibited remarkable long-term stability and suppressed byproduct formation (H2, CO, N2, NH3).

Conclusions:

  • The novel graphdiyne-metal oxide catalyst system significantly enhances urea synthesis efficiency and selectivity.
  • The catalyst's multi-heterojunction structure and interfacial properties are key to its superior performance.
  • This breakthrough offers a promising pathway for sustainable and efficient industrial urea production.