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Committing Fallacies and the Appearance Condition.

Hans V Hansen¹

¹Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation and Rhetoric, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada.

|February 23, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study examines why weak arguments appear valid, exploring the consequences of this "appearance condition" in fallacies. It identifies causes of misperception in argumentation, aiding diverse models of reasoning.

Keywords:

Appearance condition Argument caused misperception Aristotle Causing a fallacy Committing a fallacy Discursive environment caused misperception Fallacy Francis Bacon Observing a fallacy Perceiver caused misperception Perceiving as Perceiving that Perspective caused misperception

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Area of Science:

Philosophy
Logic
Argumentation Theory

Background:

The concept of fallacies in argumentation is debated.
The 'appearance condition' suggests fallacies seem valid, which is not universally accepted.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the consequences of including the 'appearance condition' in the definition of fallacies.
To differentiate between committing, causing, and observing a fallacy.
To identify causes of misperceiving weak arguments as acceptable.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of argumentation theory.
Exploration of the 'appearance condition' of fallacies.
Identification of distinct roles in fallacy occurrence (committing, causing, observing).

Main Results:

Distinctions are made between committing, causing, and observing fallacies.
Several categories of misperception are identified: argument-caused, perspective-caused, discursive environment-caused, and perceiver-caused.
The framework accommodates various argumentation models.

Conclusions:

Including the 'appearance condition' has significant implications for understanding fallacies.
Misperception of weak arguments stems from multiple interacting factors.
The proposed framework offers a general approach to analyzing fallacies across different argumentation standards.