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Sudden increases in Twitter account creations can signal online influence operations. Accounts created during these bursts are more likely to be bots and spread misinformation, especially concerning elections.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Social Science
  • Political Science
  • Computer Science

Background:

  • Coordinated online influence campaigns threaten democratic processes globally.
  • Existing methods for detecting malicious actors often engage in a reactive 'cat-and-mouse' game.
  • Focusing on coordinated activity, rather than individual actors, offers a more proactive approach to identifying information operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide quantitative evidence that sudden increases in Twitter account creations can serve as an early warning for online information operations.
  • To analyze the characteristics of accounts created during bursts of activity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fourteen months of tweets related to the 2020 U.S. elections.
  • Examination of account creation patterns and behavioral similarities among newly created accounts.
  • Assessment of bot likelihood and the credibility of shared links.

Main Results:

  • Sudden bursts of Twitter account creations were identified as potential indicators of online influence operations.
  • Accounts created during these bursts exhibited more uniform behavior and expressed greater agreement on specific topics (e.g., mail-in voting, mask wearing).
  • These accounts were statistically more likely to be bots and to share links from low-credibility websites.

Conclusions:

  • Sudden increases in account creations on social media platforms can serve as a valuable early warning system for coordinated online influence campaigns.
  • Social media platforms could implement temporary measures, such as limiting the influence of accounts created during these bursts, to mitigate misinformation.
  • Developing more integrable methods that combine various anti-misinformation techniques is crucial for effectively countering online influence operations.