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Simulating the Interplay of Particle Conservation and Long-Range Coherence.

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This study unifies lasers and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) using quantum circuits. Particle conservation in BECs enhances long-range phase coherence, similar to superfluids and superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum computing

Background:

  • Lasers and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) display macroscopic quantum coherence through different mechanisms.
  • Lasers have a defined global phase with fluctuating photon numbers.
  • BECs conserve particle number but lack a defined global phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a unified quantum circuit framework connecting lasers and BECs.
  • To develop a scalable circuit for measuring particle number without losing coherence.
  • To investigate the impact of particle number measurement on phase coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized gate-based quantum circuits for a unified theoretical framework.
  • Implemented a scalable circuit to measure total particle number.
  • Introduced complementary probes for global and relative phase coherence.
  • Performed experiments on a Rigetti superconducting quantum computer.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that particle conservation strengthens long-range phase coherence in BECs.
  • Showcased the effect of particle number measurements on coherence probes.
  • Successfully implemented coherence probes on superconducting quantum hardware.

Conclusions:

  • Particle conservation is a key mechanism for enhancing phase coherence, as seen in superfluids and superconductors.
  • The quantum circuit framework provides a novel connection between laser and BEC physics.
  • Superconducting quantum computers are viable platforms for exploring fundamental quantum phenomena.