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Related Concept Videos

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Pancreas01:19

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The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
The broad head of the pancreas lies within the loop formed by the duodenum, while its slender body reaches towards the spleen. The tail of the pancreas is short...
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Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head
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An Insight on Functioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Michele Bevere1,2, Anastasios Gkountakos1,2, Filippo Maria Martelli1

  • 1Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Anatomical Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.

Biomedicines
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare tumors. This review explores functioning PanNENs, highlighting diagnostic, molecular, and therapeutic advances for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
diagnosisfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorsmolecular alterationspancreatic neuroendocrine tumorstreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) are rare pancreatic tumors originating from islet cells.
  • They are classified as functioning (hormone-secreting) or nonfunctioning, with functioning types further divided into specific subgroups based on hormone production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of functioning PanNENs, focusing on diagnosis, molecular profiling, and treatment.
  • To highlight the need for better characterization of functioning PanNEN subgroups using advanced technologies.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes current literature on PanNENs.
  • It discusses advancements in high-throughput techniques and diagnostic tools for molecular characterization.

Main Results:

  • Surgery is the only curative treatment for PanNENs.
  • High-throughput techniques have improved molecular knowledge, revealing potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
  • Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding specific functioning PanNEN subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Combining high-throughput platforms with novel diagnostic tools is crucial for differentiating functioning PanNEN subgroups.
  • Further research is needed to improve diagnosis, molecular understanding, and treatment strategies for all PanNEN subtypes.