Seed Disinfestation Practices to Control Seed-Borne Fungi and Bacteria in Home Production of Sprouts

Concern over microbial contamination limits the adoption of home production of sprouts as a nutritious and sustainable food. Simple, accessible approaches to seed disinfection could support safe home seed sprouting. Here, we quantify bacterial and fungal contamination of seeds of 14 plant cultivars sold for home sprout production and test a range of chemical and physical methods for seed disinfestation appropriate for home use. Most seeds are contaminated with a variety of bacteria and fungi, and those microbes are usually limited to the seed surface. Heat treatments are not effective for seed disinfection because the high temperatures needed to effectively reduce microbial contamination also reduce seed germination. Two chlorine-based chemical disinfectants-dilute household bleach (0.6% sodium hypochlorite) and freshly generated hypochlorous acid (800 ppm chlorine)-were the most effective disinfection agents tested (up to a 5-log reduction in bacteria) that also did not harm seed germination.