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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Published on: August 23, 2012

Nanostructures for Solar Energy Harvesting.

Mariana Sofia Santos¹, Ricardo A Marques Lameirinhas^1,2, João Paulo N Torres^2,3

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.

|February 25, 2023

Summary

Metallic nanoantennas enhance solar cell performance. Circular nanoantennas showed the most improvement for silicon solar cells, boosting light absorption and current generation for renewable energy applications.

Keywords:

electric field concentration nanoantennas optoelectronic devices photovoltaic technology solar energy harvesting surface plasmon polaritons

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Renewable Energy

Background:

Societies are transitioning to fossil-fuel-free energy production.
Solar energy is a key abundant green energy source.
Nanoantennas can enhance light absorption in photovoltaic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze different nanoantenna structures with silicon solar cells.
To improve the energy output of solar cells.

Main Methods:

Studied metallic aperture nanoantennas (silver, aluminum, gold, copper).
Compared three geometries: rectangular, circular, and triangular.
Analyzed performance with silicon solar cells.

Main Results:

Maximum field enhancement achieved with a 50 nm thick aluminum rectangular nanoantenna.
Circular nanoantennas (100 nm radius) provided the most significant improvement over a basic silicon cell.

Conclusions:

Nanoantenna design significantly impacts solar cell efficiency.
Optimized nanoantenna structures offer a pathway to enhanced solar energy generation.