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Radical Autoxidation01:20

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Nanoantioxidant Materials: Nanoengineering Inspired by Nature.

Fotini Fragou1, Annita Theofanous1, Yiannis Deligiannakis2

  • 1Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis & Hybrid Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.

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|February 25, 2023
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Summary

Natural antioxidants combat oxidative damage, but face stability issues outside their natural environment. Nanoengineering creates artificial nanoantioxidants to improve stability, delivery, and efficacy for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
advanced nanoantioxidantantioxidant nanostructuresbiomimeticsfree radicalshybrid nanomaterialshydrogen atom transfer (HAT)/proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET)nanoantioxidantsnanoengineeringreactive nitrogen species (RNS)reactive oxygen species (ROS)surface functionalization

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Nanomedicine
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Oxidative stress from active compounds can harm biological systems.
  • Natural antioxidants (e.g., tocopherols, polyphenols) are effective but degrade outside their native biomatrix.
  • In vitro antioxidant use faces challenges like auto-oxidation and polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanoengineering strategies for developing advanced antioxidant structures.
  • To compare the efficacy of various nanoengineering methods for antioxidant systems.
  • To clarify antioxidant mechanisms and evaluation methods for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Surface modification of nanoparticles with natural or synthetic antioxidants to create nanoantioxidants.
  • Biomimetic nanoengineering to enhance antioxidant stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery.
  • Literature review of nanoengineering approaches, antioxidant mechanisms, and evaluation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Nanoengineering overcomes in vitro limitations of antioxidants, enabling large-scale production and use.
  • Biomimetic nanoengineering optimizes antioxidant systems for improved stability, targeted administration, and biocompatibility.
  • The review synthesizes diverse antioxidant mechanisms and evaluation methods.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoengineering is crucial for developing potent and stable antioxidant structures for biomedical use.
  • Biomimetic nanoengineering offers solutions to toxicity and biocompatibility issues associated with antioxidants.
  • This review provides insights into optimizing nano-based antioxidant systems for enhanced bio-medical applications.