Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

5.7K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.7K
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

10.7K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.7K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

33.8K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.8K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

7.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.7K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

968
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
968
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

6.3K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Carbon Nanostructure-Initiator Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Biomarker Detection of Prediabetes.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Therapeutic applications and prospects of inhalable mesoporous silica nanoparticles in pulmonary diseases.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Coordination orientation isomerism boosting concerted hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Hollow micro-/nanostructures for enhanced pathogen theranostics.

Chemical Society reviews·2026
Same author

Nanoporous Materials in Biomedical Research: Progress and Potential.

International journal of nanomedicine·2026
Same author

Interfacial Chemistry-Tailored Silica&Metal-Based Heterostructures: from Rational Design to Antibacterial Applications.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Meligy et al. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Omega n - 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Gentamicin-Induced Cardiac Degeneration. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 2022, <i>14</i>, 1322.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mohite et al. Bioactive Compound-Fortified Nanomedicine in the Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancement of the Wound Healing Process: A Review. <i>Pharmaceutics</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 855.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Metal Nanoparticle-Reinforced Hydrogels Applied in the Inhibition of Clinical Pathogens: Structural Features, Mechanisms, and Biomedical Prospects.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Development and Evaluation of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Cipepofol Across Diverse Clinical Populations.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Artificial Intelligence in Nanopharmaceutical Development: From Predictive Design to Clinical Translation.

Pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Textilinin-1, a Snake Venom-Derived Kunitz-Type Protease Inhibitor, Accelerates Wound Healing Through Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, and Pro-Regenerative Activities.

Pharmaceutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells
10:02

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

2.3K

Nanobiotechnology-Enabled mRNA Stabilization.

He Xian1, Yue Zhang1, Chengzhong Yu1

  • 1Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

Pharmaceutics
|February 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) instability hinders therapeutic applications. This review details nanobiotechnology strategies to stabilize fragile mRNA molecules, enhancing their stability and delivery for broader therapeutic use.

Keywords:
mRNAnanobiotechnologystability

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

4.6K
Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA
08:29

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Published on: February 1, 2019

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells
10:02

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

2.3K
Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
08:27

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes

Published on: August 13, 2021

4.6K
Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA
08:29

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Published on: February 1, 2019

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) holds significant therapeutic promise but faces instability challenges.
  • Existing reviews primarily focus on mRNA delivery, neglecting instability causes and solutions.
  • Addressing mRNA instability is critical for advancing mRNA-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanobiotechnology-enabled strategies for enhancing mRNA stability and delivery.
  • To elucidate factors contributing to mRNA instability.
  • To provide insights into rational design for mRNA stabilization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on mRNA instability and stabilization techniques.
  • Analysis of molecular and nanotechnology approaches for mRNA stabilization.
  • Discussion of formulation processing impacts (e.g., freezing, lyophilization) on mRNA stability.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key factors destabilizing mRNA molecules.
  • Overview of diverse nanobiotechnology strategies for mRNA stabilization.
  • Exploration of formulation processing effects on mRNA shelf-life.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobiotechnology offers promising solutions for mRNA stabilization and delivery.
  • Understanding structure-function relationships is key for rational nanobiotechnology design.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and advance mRNA technology.