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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Inhalational Induction: A Safe Anaesthetic Management in a Patient with Crouzon Syndrome.

Sudeep Mohapatra1, Sulochana Dash1, Nvsn Prasant1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, IMS & SUM Hospital, SOA deemed to be University, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar-751003, Odisha, India.

Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Crouzon syndrome, a genetic disorder affecting craniofacial development, presents anesthetic challenges. This case study highlights successful inhalational induction for an infant undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.

Keywords:
Crouzon syndromeanaesthetic managementcraniofacial skeletongenetic disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Crouzon syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures (craniosynostosis).
  • Key features include mid-facial hypoplasia, shallow orbits with exophthalmia, and potential for increased intracranial pressure.
  • Anesthetic management is complex due to potential difficult airway, obstructive sleep apnea, cardiac anomalies, and risk of hypothermia and venous air embolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anesthetic management of an infant with Crouzon syndrome undergoing ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.
  • To highlight the safety and efficacy of inhalational induction in this high-risk pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an infant diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome.
  • The infant was scheduled for elective ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion.
  • Anesthetic management involved inhalational induction with sevoflurane and maintenance of anesthesia.

Main Results:

  • Successful inhalational induction was achieved without complications.
  • Hemodynamic stability was maintained throughout the procedure.
  • The infant tolerated the surgical intervention well, with no adverse anesthetic events reported.

Conclusions:

  • Inhalational induction is a viable and safe anesthetic technique for infants with Crouzon syndrome undergoing neurosurgical procedures.
  • Careful preoperative assessment and planning are crucial for managing potential airway and cardiovascular challenges.
  • This approach may minimize airway manipulation and associated risks in patients with craniofacial abnormalities.