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Related Concept Videos

Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Overview of the Vascular System01:20

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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Aortic Ring Assay
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Isolated Vascular Rings Are Common Cardiovascular Malformations.

William N Evans1,2, Ruben J Acherman1,2, Michael L Ciccolo1,3

  • 1Congenital Heart Center Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

World Journal for Pediatric & Congenital Heart Surgery
|February 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isolated vascular rings, a common congenital heart defect, occur in about 7 per 10,000 live births in Southern Nevada. Prenatal diagnosis rates have significantly improved, nearing 90%.

Keywords:
isolated vascular ringsprenatal diagnosisprevalence

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Malformations

Background:

  • Vascular rings are congenital anomalies where vascular or ligamentous structures encircle the trachea and esophagus.
  • Understanding the prevalence of these malformations is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Previous studies on vascular ring prevalence have varied, necessitating population-specific data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of isolated vascular rings in the general population of Southern Nevada.
  • To analyze trends in prevalence and prenatal detection rates over an eight-year period.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for patients diagnosed with isolated vascular rings between January 2014 and December 2021.
  • Inclusion criteria: vascular or ligamentous structures completely encircling the trachea and esophagus, situs solitus, levocardia, and no significant intracardiac malformations.
  • Calculation of prevalence based on the number of diagnosed cases and total live births in Southern Nevada.

Main Results:

  • A total of 112 patients with isolated vascular rings were identified.
  • The overall prevalence was 5.3 per 10,000 live births.
  • Prevalence increased from 3.5 per 10,000 live births (2014-2017) to 7.1 per 10,000 live births (2018-2021).
  • Prenatal detection rates rose from 66% to 86% during the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Isolated vascular rings are relatively common cardiovascular malformations.
  • The prevalence in Southern Nevada appears to stabilize around 7 per 10,000 live births.
  • Improved prenatal detection rates contribute to more accurate prevalence estimations.