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Significant Congenital Cardiovascular Malformations and Falling Birth Rates: The Nevada Experience.

William N Evans1,2, Ruben J Acherman3,4, Humberto Restrepo3,4

  • 1Children's Heart Center Nevada, 3131 La Canada Ste. 230, Las Vegas, NV, 89169, USA. wnevanschc@gmail.com.

Pediatric Cardiology
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Significant congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVM) are increasing in Nevada despite falling birth rates. This rise in CCVM cases correlates with a higher percentage of expectant mothers having comorbidities.

Keywords:
Birth ratesCardiac catheterization, Congenital heart diseasePrenatal diagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Nevada experienced declining birth rates between 2012 and 2024.
  • Congenital cardiovascular malformations (CCVM) represent a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding trends in CCVM is crucial for maternal and child health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and trends of significant CCVM in Nevada.
  • To analyze the association between CCVM rates, birth rates, and maternal comorbidities.
  • To assess the prenatal diagnosis rates for significant CCVM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CCVM cases diagnosed prenatally and postnatally in Nevada from 2012 to 2024.
  • Definition of significant CCVM included cases requiring surgical or interventional cardiac catheterization within 24 months of age, excluding secundum atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus.
  • Data analysis included tracking birth rates, CCVM prevalence, prenatal diagnosis rates, and maternal comorbidity percentages.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1573 significant CCVM cases were identified, with 1427 live births.
  • The prenatal detection rate for CCVM significantly increased from 53% in 2012 to 91% in 2024 (p < 0.001).
  • Despite a decline in Nevada's birth rate, the prevalence of significant CCVM rose from 272 to 430 per 100,000 live births (p < 0.001), alongside a rise in maternal comorbidities (56% to 85%, p = 0.002).

Conclusions:

  • An increasing prevalence of significant CCVM was observed in Nevada, concurrent with declining birth rates.
  • The rise in significant CCVM is associated with an increased prevalence of comorbidities among pregnant mothers.
  • Improved prenatal diagnosis rates did not mitigate the overall increase in CCVM prevalence, highlighting the need to address underlying maternal health factors.