Upper crossed syndrome in secondary school students: A mixed-method study.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Public Health
• Adolescent Health

Background:

• Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a postural condition affecting the neck and shoulders.
• Prevalence and associated factors in adolescents require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of UCS and associated factors in Spanish adolescents.
• To explore these associations using mixed methods.

Main Methods:

• Sequential explanatory mixed method design.
• Quantitative phase: cross-sectional study with photogrammetry and questionnaires (Kiddo-KINDL, VISA-TEEN).
• Qualitative phase: focus groups to discuss quantitative findings.

Main Results:

• Prevalence: UCS (37.8%), Forward Head Posture (FHP) (48.9%), Forward Shoulder Posture (FSP) (80%).
• FSP higher in boys; associated with BMI and hygiene.
• FHP associated with technology use; UCS associated with school performance.

Conclusions:

• UCS is prevalent in Spanish adolescents, associated with BMI, school performance, technology use, and physical activity.
• Adolescents recognize the importance of posture correction, physical exercise, and postural health.