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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion,...
394
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

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Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for...
317
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

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Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
468
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

410
Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

316
Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck
316
Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

120
Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
09:00

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Published on: August 8, 2010

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Open World Active Learning for Echocardiography View Classification.

Ghada Zamzmi1, Tochi Oguguo1, Sivaramakrishnan Rajaraman1

  • 1Computational Health Research Branch, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|March 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an open world active learning approach for automated echocardiography view classification. It enhances robustness by identifying and labeling unknown views, improving data labeling efficiency.

Keywords:
Open worldactive learningclassificationclusteringechocardiography

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Automated echocardiography view classification typically assumes a closed world, limiting its real-world applicability.
  • Classical approaches struggle with unseen views, reducing robustness in open environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an open world active learning framework for echocardiography view classification.
  • To enhance the robustness and data labeling efficiency of automated view classification systems.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented an open world active learning approach for classifying known and identifying unknown echocardiography views.
  • Utilized a clustering method to group unknown views for expert labeling.
  • Iteratively updated the classification network with newly labeled data.

Main Results:

  • The proposed open world approach demonstrated superior performance compared to closed world methods.
  • Significantly improved the efficiency of data labeling for echocardiography datasets.
  • Enhanced the overall robustness of the view classification model.

Conclusions:

  • Open world active learning is a more robust and efficient strategy for echocardiography view classification in real-world scenarios.
  • The developed approach effectively handles unseen views, increasing classifier reliability.