[Research progress in the effects of stress on microglial immune checkpoints]

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are usually in the surveillant or quiescent state which is tightly regulated by several mechanisms called microglial immune checkpoints. Microglial immune checkpoint mechanism consists of four dimensions: soluble restraining factors, cell-to-cell interactions, seclusion from the circulation, and transcriptional regulators. Stress may lead to a more potent activation state of microglia when a subsequent immune challenge arrives, which is known as the microglial priming. Stress can prime microglia by affecting microglial checkpoints.