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Updated: Aug 8, 2025

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
Published on: June 13, 2025
2000 Years of Clinical Trials: The Evolution of Evidence-Based Practice
1Patricia Zrelak, PhD, RN, NEA-BC, CNRN, SCRN, ASC-BC, CCRN-K, PHN, FAHA, is an epidemiologist and nurse researcher, currently working as a clinical practice consultant for Kaiser Permanente. She is nationally known for her work in stroke and patient safety.
Abstract:
Although the first documented clinical trial as described in the biblical book of Daniel dates to 606 BC, the prophet Daniel's nutrition study is contemporary in both approach and topic and could be considered the first comparative effectiveness research (CER) trial. This article summarizes the historical evolution of clinical trials and associated regulatory legislation. Ethical considerations foundational to nursing and evidence-based practice (EBP) in the 21st century are examined. Distinguishing features of CER, various study designs and checklists, and EBP are detailed. Biblical foundations for research and the Bible's relevance to modern research methods are discussed.
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