Aging and diabetic retinopathy: Inherently intertwined pathophysiological processes.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Gerontology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness globally and a significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM).
• The increasing elderly population and human lifespan have amplified the impact of DR, as its severity correlates with DM duration.
• Aging, a cellular state of irreversible cell cycle stagnation due to stress, is implicated in age-related diseases, yet its specific role in DR remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide conceptual insight into the intertwined pathophysiological processes of aging and DR development.
• To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for DR prevention and treatment in the context of increased longevity.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes existing literature on aging, cellular senescence, and diabetic retinopathy.
• It examines shared risk factors and pathophysiological pathways between aging-related degeneration and DR.
• Potential therapeutic interventions are discussed based on current understanding.

Main Results:

• Aging and DR development share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms.
• Aging significantly contributes to the increased prevalence of DR and visual impairment in the elderly.
• Understanding these links is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Conclusions:

• Aging is a critical, understudied factor in diabetic retinopathy development and progression.
• Targeting aging pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for DR.
• Interventions considering both aging and diabetes are essential for managing DR in an aging population.