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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Determination01:51

Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Analyzing Craniofacial Morphogenesis in Zebrafish Using 4D Confocal Microscopy
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Notch Signaling Pathway in Tooth Shape Variations throughout Evolution.

Thimios A Mitsiadis1, Pierfrancesco Pagella1, Helder Gomes Rodrigues2

  • 1Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.

Cells
|March 11, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic alterations in tooth crown shape influence vertebrate evolution. Loss of Jagged1 in mice modifies tooth cusps, revealing Notch signaling

Keywords:
Jagged1RNA analysisdental morphologydifferentiationevolutionhumanmousenotch signalingtooth

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vertebrate evolutionary changes are linked to genetic alterations affecting tooth crown shape, a key speciation criterion.
  • The conserved Notch pathway regulates morphogenetic processes in developing organs, including teeth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Notch-ligand Jagged1 in tooth crown development and evolution.
  • To understand how Jagged1-associated mutations may impact human dental morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Epithelial Jagged1 loss in developing mouse molars.
  • RNA sequencing to analyze gene expression changes.
  • Three-dimensional metamorphosis modeling of tooth crown alterations.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Jagged1 resulted in modified cusp location, size, and interconnections, causing minor tooth crown shape changes.
  • These modifications were convergent with observed changes in Muridae evolution.
  • Notch signaling modulates over 2000 genes and acts as a hub for morphogenetic networks like Wnts and FGFs.

Conclusions:

  • Notch/Jagged1 signaling is a crucial component of dental variation during evolution.
  • Modeling tooth crown changes in mice predicts potential effects of Jagged1 mutations in humans.