A Scalable Device for Undisturbed Measurement of Water and CO₂ Fluxes through Natural Surfaces

In a climate change scenario and under a growing interest in Precision Agriculture, it is more and more important to map and record seasonal trends of the respiration of cropland and natural surfaces. Ground-level sensors to be placed in the field or integrated into autonomous vehicles are of growing interest. In this scope, a low-power IoT-compliant device for measurement of multiple surface CO2 and WV concentrations have been designed and developed. The device is described and tested under controlled and field conditions, showing ready and easy access to collected values typical of a cloud-computing-based approach. The device proved to be usable in indoor and open-air environments for a long time, and the sensors were arranged in multiple configurations to evaluate simultaneous concentrations and flows, while the low-cost, low-power (LP IoT-compliant) design is achieved by a specific design of the printed circuit board and a firmware code fitting the characteristics of the controller.