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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

An Optimized Evans Blue Protocol to Assess Vascular Leak in the Mouse

An Optimized Evans Blue Protocol to Assess Vascular Leak in the Mouse

Published on: September 12, 2018

Sensing Technologies for Extravasation Detection: A Review.

Ikue Hirata¹, Arianna Mazzotta^1,2, Pooyan Makvandi¹

¹Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.

|March 13, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Extravasation, when a catheter moves outside the vein, can be detected early using new sensorized devices. This review covers physiological and engineering aspects of extravasation detection technologies.

Keywords:

Blood extravasation PIVC bleeding contrast agent drug infusion infiltration infrared sensors intravenous catheters radiofrequency sensor thermal imaging ultrasound sensors

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Last Updated: Aug 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Medical Devices
Biomedical Engineering
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Peripheral intravenous catheters are crucial for administering fluids, medications, and contrast agents.
Extravasation, the unintended leakage of infusates outside the vein, poses a significant risk during catheter use.
Causes include catheter dislodgement, increased vascular permeability, and venous occlusion.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms of extravasation.
To highlight sensorized devices for early extravasation detection.
To provide an overview of current and emerging technologies from physiological and engineering perspectives.

Main Methods:

Literature review of extravasation mechanisms.
Analysis of sensorized devices for extravasation detection (single sensor and multimodal).
Synthesis of physiological and engineering viewpoints on detection approaches.

Main Results:

Extravasation is a complex phenomenon with multiple contributing factors.
Various sensor technologies show promise for real-time extravasation detection.
Multimodal detection systems may offer enhanced accuracy and reliability.

Conclusions:

Early detection of extravasation is critical to minimize patient harm.
Advancements in sensor technology are paving the way for improved patient safety.
Further research integrating physiological and engineering insights is needed to optimize detection systems.