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Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing
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Microneedle-Coupled Epidermal Sensors for In-Situ-Multiplexed Ion Detection in Interstitial Fluids.

Dan Dan Zhu1, Yu Rong Tan2, Le Wen Zheng1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A new microneedle patch electrode array enables in situ detection of key ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and hydrogen in interstitial fluid for health and agriculture. This minimally invasive sensor offers convenient, timely diagnosis of ion imbalances.

Keywords:
diagnosis of electrolyte imbalanceion-selective electrodesmicroneedlemultiplexed ion detectionsmart agriculture

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Maintaining physiological ion concentrations is vital for all life.
  • Current methods for ion monitoring can be invasive or lack real-time capability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible microneedle patch coupled electrode array (MNP-EA) for in situ, multiplexed ion detection in tissue interstitial fluid (ISF).
  • To assess the MNP-EA's performance for diagnosing ion imbalances in vivo across different species.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a mechanically robust and swellable microneedle patch with integrated ion-selective electrochemical electrodes.
  • Potentiometric detection of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and H+ in ISF with a nearly Nernstian response.
  • In vivo validation in mice, humans, and plants.

Main Results:

  • The MNP-EA demonstrated robust microneedle penetration and efficient ISF extraction (∼6.87 μL/needle in 5 min).
  • Simultaneous detection of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and H+ was achieved within clinically relevant ranges.
  • Successful in vivo demonstration across mammalian and plant models.

Conclusions:

  • The MNP-EA provides a minimally invasive, transdermal platform for real-time ion imbalance diagnosis.
  • This technology holds promise for home-based health monitoring, chronic disease management, and smart agriculture applications.