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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Bioprinting of Cartilage and Skin Tissue Analogs Utilizing a Novel Passive Mixing Unit Technique for Bioink Precellularization
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Bioinspired Processing: Complex Coacervates as Versatile Inks for 3D Bioprinting.

Mohammad Khoonkari1,2, Julien Es Sayed1, Marta Oggioni1

  • 1Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyaluronic acid-chitosan complex coacervates offer tunable biomaterial inks for 3D bioprinting. These novel inks create stable, cytocompatible scaffolds without post-processing, advancing biofabrication.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingbiomaterial inkscomplex coacervationin vitro scaffoldsrheology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • 3D bioprinting requires advanced biomaterials with specific physicochemical and cytocompatibility properties.
  • Existing biomaterial inks face limitations in meeting these diverse requirements.
  • Natural material processing inspires new approaches for biomaterial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, tunable biomaterial inks for 3D bioprinting using hyaluronic acid-chitosan complex coacervates.
  • To investigate the potential of complex coacervates as printable bioinks with tunable mechanical properties.
  • To assess the cytocompatibility and scaffold stability of 3D bioprinted constructs using these coacervate inks.

Main Methods:

  • Complex coacervates were formed via associative liquid-liquid phase separation of hyaluronic acid and chitosan.
  • Biomaterial ink properties were tuned by adjusting salt concentration, pH, and polymer molecular weight.
  • 3D bioprinting was performed in air and aqueous solutions, followed by scaffold characterization and cytocompatibility testing.

Main Results:

  • Hyaluronic acid-chitosan complex coacervates demonstrated tunable viscoelastic properties suitable for 3D bioprinting.
  • The inks transitioned from viscoelastic fluids to stable solids upon printing, eliminating the need for post-processing.
  • Printed scaffolds exhibited excellent cytocompatibility and long-term topological stability.
  • Printability was achieved in both air and aqueous environments.

Conclusions:

  • Hyaluronic acid-chitosan complex coacervates represent a new class of tunable biomaterial inks for 3D bioprinting.
  • These coacervate inks offer a facile method for creating stable, cytocompatible biofabricated scaffolds.
  • The developed materials significantly advance the field of biofabrication by providing easy-to-handle and versatile biomaterials.