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Viral inactivation by irradiation rays.

Kai-Kai Liu1, Chong-Xin Shan2

  • 1Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. liukaikai@zzu.edu.cn.

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Irradiation rays, including light, can inactivate viruses by damaging their genetic material. This review explores the mechanisms of light-based viral inactivation for public health applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Virology
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Viral infections pose significant global health threats, as demonstrated by pandemics like COVID-19.
  • Virion inactivation is crucial for preventing disease transmission and developing effective countermeasures.
  • Irradiation, utilizing ionizing and non-ionizing effects, offers a potential method for viral inactivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of light-based technologies for viral inactivation.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which irradiation inactivates viruses.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on photochemistry and photophysics in viral disinfection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on viral inactivation using irradiation.
  • Analysis of research on ionizing and non-ionizing radiation effects on virions.
  • Synthesis of findings on light-induced viral damage mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Irradiation effectively inactivates viruses through direct and indirect photochemical pathways.
  • Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can disrupt viral structure and genetic integrity.
  • Specific wavelengths and intensities of light can be optimized for targeted viral inactivation.

Conclusions:

  • Light-based viral inactivation is a promising strategy with diverse applications.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of photodynamic inactivation is key to developing advanced disinfection technologies.
  • Further research can optimize light parameters for efficient and safe viral clearance.