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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

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Overview
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Osteoporosis: Common Questions and Answers.

Kira Harris1, Christopher A Zagar2, Kelley V Lawrence3

  • 1Atrium Health One Health, Huntersville, North Carolina.

American Family Physician
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis screening is recommended for women 65+ and men 70+ or those with risk factors. Early diagnosis and lifestyle changes, along with targeted therapies, can manage this condition and reduce fracture risks.

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Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
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Area of Science:

  • Bone health and osteoporosis management.
  • Geriatric medicine and public health.

Background:

  • Osteoporosis affects over 10% of adults over 50, with projections indicating a rise by 2030.
  • Osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip fractures, lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current recommendations for osteoporosis screening in men and women.
  • To define diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis.
  • To discuss lifestyle modifications and therapeutic strategies for managing osteoporosis and reducing fracture risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current screening guidelines from organizations like the Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
  • Definition of osteoporosis diagnosis based on dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T-scores and fragility fractures.
  • Discussion of evidence-based lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments.

Main Results:

  • Screening is advised for women aged 65 and older, postmenopausal women with risk factors, and men aged 70 and older with risk factors.
  • Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a T-score of -2.5 or lower or a history of fragility fracture.
  • Lifestyle counseling (exercise, smoking cessation, alcohol moderation, calcium/vitamin D) is crucial. Treatment selection depends on fracture risk, efficacy, and safety, with antiresorptive and anabolic agents available.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoporosis poses a significant public health challenge, necessitating timely screening and diagnosis.
  • A multi-faceted approach including lifestyle modifications and appropriate pharmacotherapy is essential for effective osteoporosis management and fracture prevention.
  • Personalized treatment strategies, considering individual fracture risk, are key to optimizing patient outcomes.