Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2025

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
Published on: November 6, 2018
A Brief Overview of the Neuropharmacology of Opioid Addiction
John R Grothusen1, Julie A Blendy2,3, Gordon A Barr1,4
1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract:
The world is in the midst of an opioid crisis. Nearly 92,000 persons in the U.S. alone died from illicit drugs and prescription opioids in 2020 [1]. This number does not include the countless other individuals who die as a result of the violent crime that accompanies the illicit drug trade. To address this crisis, we need to appreciate aspects of drug addiction. The goal of this brief review is to highlight some major facets of addiction neurobiology, focused on opioids, to provide a basic understanding of the research and terminology encountered in more detailed in-depth articles and discussions on addiction.
Related Concept Videos
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
Opioid Receptors: Overview
Analgesia and Pain Management
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

