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What are side effects?

Austin Due1

  • 1Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.

European Journal for Philosophy of Science
|March 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding medical side effects is crucial for treatment decisions. This study clarifies the definition of side effects, distinguishing them from adverse events and adverse drug reactions.

Keywords:
Adverse drug reactionsAdverse eventsPharmaceuticalsPlacebo effectsSide effects

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Philosophy
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Side effects are common in medicine and influence treatment choices.
  • Existing definitions of 'side effect' vary among health authorities.
  • This ambiguity impacts how intervention side effects are identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and critique common definitions of side effects.
  • To propose a refined conceptual account of side effects.
  • To differentiate side effects from related medical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing definitions of side effects.
  • Philosophical analysis of intention and causation.
  • Application of a manipulationist model of causation.

Main Results:

  • Common definitions of side effects are problematic and inconsistent.
  • A proposed definition characterizes side effects as unintended effects stemming from an intervention's causal properties.
  • Side effects are conceptually distinct from adverse events, adverse drug reactions, and placebo effects.

Conclusions:

  • A clearer definition of side effects is needed for medical research and practice.
  • The proposed account clarifies the nature of side effects.
  • Distinguishing side effects enhances understanding of medical interventions and their outcomes.