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Related Concept Videos

Toroids01:27

Toroids

3.0K
A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single  conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of  multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb...
3.0K
Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

3.1K
The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
3.1K
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

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The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
4.4K
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

726
In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
726
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism01:29

Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism

3.3K
James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is...
3.3K
Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

3.1K
Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

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The Rise of Toroidal Electrodynamics and Spectroscopy.

Nikolay I Zheludev1,2,3, David Wilkowski2,4,5

  • 1Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.

ACS Photonics
|March 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Toroidal electrodynamics is advancing research in metamaterials, plasmonics, and sensors. A new study on toroidal optical transitions in atoms opens exciting possibilities for spectroscopy.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism and Optics
  • Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Toroidal electrodynamics is increasingly influential in diverse scientific fields.
  • Recent advancements highlight its impact on metamaterials, nanoparticles, plasmonics, sensors, and lasers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in toroidal electrodynamics and its applications.
  • To highlight a new publication on toroidal optical transitions in atoms and its implications for spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of key publications in toroidal electrodynamics.
  • Analysis of recent experimental and theoretical advancements.

Main Results:

  • Toroidal metamaterials and anapole metamaterials show significant development.
  • Applications in nanoparticle optics, plasmonics, sensors, and lasers are expanding.
  • Toroidal optical transitions in hydrogen-like atoms represent a novel area of research.

Conclusions:

  • Toroidal electrodynamics is a rapidly evolving field with broad applications.
  • The study of toroidal optical transitions in atoms promises to revolutionize spectroscopy.