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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

High-throughput Confocal Imaging of Quantum Dot-Conjugated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimers to Track Binding and Endocytosis in HEK293T Cells
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Density estimation of SARS-CoV2 spike proteins using super pixels segmentation technique.

Bakr Ahmed Taha1, Qussay Al-Jubouri2, Yousif Al Mashhadany3

  • 1UKM-Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia.

Applied Soft Computing
|March 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers estimated the density of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike proteins using transmission electron microscopy images. This analysis aids in developing diagnostics and vaccines for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
CoronavirusesSARS-CoV 2SegmentationSpike proteinsSuperpixel technique

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlights the critical role of viral spike proteins in host cell infection.
  • Accurate estimation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein density is crucial for developing effective diagnostics and vaccines.
  • Current imaging techniques like CT scans lack specificity for COVID-19 diagnosis, necessitating complementary methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the density of spike proteins on SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV using a novel image segmentation approach.
  • To provide quantitative data on spike protein density for improved understanding of viral structure and infectivity.
  • To lay the groundwork for an intelligent system for enhanced viral detection and classification.

Main Methods:

  • A dataset of 586 SARS-CoV-2 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images was collected from open-source repositories.
  • A segmentation approach utilizing the superpixel technique was employed for density estimation of viral spike proteins.
  • Quantitative analysis was performed to determine the mean spike density for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.

Main Results:

  • The mean spike density for SARS-CoV-2 was determined to be 21.97 nm.
  • The mean spike density for SARS-CoV was found to be 22.45 nm.
  • The study successfully applied image segmentation for quantitative analysis of viral spike proteins.

Conclusions:

  • The quantitative estimation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein density provides valuable data for virological research.
  • The developed methodology shows potential for integration into intelligent systems for improved viral detection and classification.
  • Future applications may include remote environmental hazard assessments and data collection in public health settings.