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Virus Identification for Monkeypox in Human Seminal Fluid Samples: A Systematic Review.

Joshuan J Barboza1, Darwin A León-Figueroa2,3, Hortencia M Saldaña-Cumpa2,3

  • 1Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was detected in seminal fluid of confirmed cases, suggesting potential sexual transmission. This highlights the vulnerability of men who have sex with men (MSM) and the need for hygiene standards.

Keywords:
monkeypoxmonkeypox virusorthopoxvirussamplesseminal fluid

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global concern exists regarding the monkeypox (MPX) outbreak, with rapid spread prompting origin and transmission studies.
  • Understanding MPX transmission routes is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in seminal fluid samples from confirmed MPX cases.
  • To assess the potential for sexual transmission of MPXV.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted across major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect) up to January 6, 2023.
  • Fourteen studies reporting MPXV in seminal fluid from confirmed MPX cases were included after rigorous screening.
  • Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was the primary method for MPXV detection.

Main Results:

  • MPXV was detected in seminal fluid in 13.06% (84/643) of confirmed MPX cases.
  • Higher MPXV positivity rates were observed in skin lesions (96.27%), pharynx/oropharynx (30.48%), and blood (12.44%).
  • The study population predominantly comprised males (99.85%), with a mean age of 36, engaging in men who have sex with men (MSM) sexual conduct (98.45%), and a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (56.9%).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence for the presence of MPXV in the seminal fluid of MPX patients.
  • The findings suggest MPXV transmission is possible through seminal fluid, with MSM being a potentially vulnerable group.
  • Establishing hygiene standards is vital for early MPX case identification and control.