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Optimizing transcranial magnetic stimulation for spaceflight applications.

S M Romanella1, L Mencarelli2, K Seyedmadani3

  • 1Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. sromanella@mgh.harvard.edu.

NPJ Microgravity
|March 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spaceflight alters brain structure, affecting transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) efficacy. This study models these changes to optimize TMS for astronaut health during long-duration space missions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Space Medicine
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Long-duration space missions pose health risks to astronauts.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique with potential spaceflight applications.
  • Spaceflight can induce structural brain changes, potentially affecting TMS efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how spaceflight-associated brain changes impact TMS.
  • To optimize TMS parameters for use in astronauts during long-duration space missions.

Main Methods:

  • Collected T1-weighted MRI scans from 15 cosmonauts and 14 non-flyers.
  • Scans were taken before, after 6 months on the ISS, and at a 7-month follow-up.
  • Utilized biophysical modeling to simulate TMS responses.

Main Results:

  • Modeled TMS responses differed in specific brain regions between cosmonauts and controls post-spaceflight.
  • Observed differences correlated with spaceflight-induced structural brain changes, including cerebrospinal fluid alterations.
  • Spaceflight impacts brain morphology, influencing TMS effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Spaceflight-induced brain changes necessitate individualized TMS approaches.
  • Optimizing TMS can enhance its efficacy and precision for future space exploration.
  • TMS holds promise for supporting astronaut health and performance on long missions.