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Correction: Gernhardt et al. Ex Vivo Computed Tomographic Morphometry and Motion of the Native and Fractured Equine Accessory Carpal Bone. <i>Animals</i> 2026, <i>16</i>, 1132.

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Optimizing Bull Semen Cryopreservation Media Using Multivariate Statistics Approaches.

Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli1, Mohsen Sharafi2, James D Benson3

  • 1Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-336, Iran.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|March 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing semen extenders is crucial for preserving post-thaw quality. This study identified key ingredient interactions and concentrations, revealing glutathione, glycerol, and fructose as vital for maximizing sperm motility.

Keywords:
I-optimal designbull diversitymedia optimizationmodelingpathwayspost-thaw fertilitystructural equation modelling

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cryo-injury significantly impairs post-thaw semen quality.
  • Existing methods lack clarity on interactions between extender components, semen, and cryopreservation outcomes.
  • Optimizing extender formulations is essential for improving sperm viability after thawing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal concentrations for 12 extender ingredients.
  • To elucidate interactions among extender components, semen samples, and post-thaw quality.
  • To identify key ingredients and their contributions to sperm motility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an I-optimal completely random design with 122 experiments.
  • Employed a large dataset from previous studies.
  • Applied multifactor analysis and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM).

Main Results:

  • Achieved maximum predicted total motility of 70.56% (I-optimal) and 73.75% (Monte Carlo simulation).
  • Identified significant individual bull variations and interactions with extenders.
  • Found highest positive loadings for glutathione (antioxidant), glycerol (CPA), and fructose (basic compounds).
  • Determined critical optimal ranges for milk, water, and ethylene glycol; other components had moderate impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Extender formulation requires careful consideration of ingredients, concentrations, and their interactions.
  • Cryoprotective agents (CPAs), osmoregulators, and basic components were most effective for motility.
  • Antioxidant and extracellular protectant classes showed less efficiency in this context.