Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2025
09:36
Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
Published on: August 26, 2021
3.9K
Canine Coronavirus Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Rachana Pandit1, Ayodeji O Ipinmoroti1, Brennetta J Crenshaw1
1Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
Biomedicines
|March 29, 2023
Summary
Coronaviruses alter host cell viability and extracellular vesicle (EV) production. Canine coronavirus infection modifies EV size and protein cargo, impacting viral progression and disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Coronaviruses (CoVs) pose global health risks across diverse hosts.
- Host responses to CoVs, particularly in animals, are complex and understudied.
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play roles in intercellular communication during viral infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how CoV infection impacts host cell viability and EV dynamics.
- To determine if CoVs modulate EV biogenesis, composition, and protein trafficking.
- To explore the potential of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in CoV infections.
Main Methods:
- Infection of Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells with canine coronavirus (CCoV).
- Cell viability assessment using MTT assay.
- Isolation and characterization of EVs via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and NanoSight particle tracking analysis (NTA).
- Quantitative protein analysis of EVs using dot blot scanning.
Main Results:
- CCoV infection significantly decreased CRFK cell viability over time.
- TEM confirmed the presence of small EVs (sEVs) post-infection.
- EVs derived from infected cells showed a significant decrease in mean size at 48 hours.
- Altered expression levels of key proteins (ACE-2, TLR-7, caspases, etc.) were observed in EVs post-infection.
Conclusions:
- Coronavirus infection negatively impacts host cell viability.
- CCoV infection modulates EV biogenesis, altering EV size and cargo protein composition.
- These changes in host EVs may influence viral progression and disease development.
- EVs represent a promising avenue for diagnostics and therapeutics in CoV research, including zoonotic potential.
Related Concept Videos
01:38Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
3.6K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
3.6K
01:36Overview of Exosomes
2.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.8K
00:59COP Coated Vesicles
7.9K
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
7.9K
01:20Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
6.2K
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
6.2K