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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning between a Google Pixel 5 smartphone and a u-Blox ZED F9P receiver. The standalone receiver achieved sub-decimeter accuracy, even under tree canopy, outperforming the smartphone.

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Area of Science:

  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Satellite Navigation Systems
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are increasingly affordable and compact, leading to wider user adoption.
  • Technological advancements, such as multi-constellation and multi-frequency capabilities, are improving the positioning performance of GNSS devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the signal characteristics and horizontal positioning accuracy of a low-cost smartphone (Google Pixel 5) and a standalone GNSS receiver (u-Blox ZED F9P).
  • To assess performance under varying environmental conditions, including open areas and tree canopy cover (leaf-on and leaf-off).

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of GNSS data using ten 20-minute static observations for both devices.
  • Post-processing of data using a modified RTKLIB software (Demo5 fork) adapted for lower-quality measurements.
  • Analysis of signal quality metrics (carrier-to-noise density, multipath) and horizontal accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The u-Blox ZED F9P receiver consistently achieved sub-decimeter median horizontal errors, performing well even under tree canopy.
  • The Google Pixel 5 smartphone exhibited horizontal errors under 0.5 m in open-sky conditions and approximately 1.5 m under vegetation.
  • The standalone receiver demonstrated significantly superior signal quality compared to the smartphone.

Conclusions:

  • Low-cost standalone GNSS receivers, like the u-Blox ZED F9P, offer high accuracy suitable for various applications, including challenging environments.
  • Smartphone GNSS performance is improving but remains limited under canopy cover, though adapted post-processing software can mitigate some issues.
  • The choice of GNSS receiver significantly impacts achievable accuracy and data quality, particularly in obstructed environments.