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The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Author Spotlight: Biological Standardization to Ensure Reproducibility and Harmonization in Research
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Strengthening the scientific record.

H Holden Thorp1, Valda Vinson2, Jake Yeston3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific knowledge advances through community vetting and data sharing. New initiatives accelerate scientific discourse and data accessibility for robust research evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific communication and research evaluation.

Background:

  • Science is inherently a social process, requiring community validation for discoveries to become accepted knowledge.
  • The digital age has amplified scientific discourse through platforms like social media, blogs, PubPeer, and Retraction Watch.
  • Increased data availability enables peer review through independent re-analysis, confirming or challenging findings.

Discussion:

  • Science is implementing changes to foster faster discussion of published papers.
  • New policies will streamline the deposition of data supporting research findings.
  • These changes aim to enhance the evaluation of scientific research across disciplines.

Key Insights:

  • Open communication and accessible data are crucial for scientific progress.
  • Technological advancements facilitate broader and more immediate scientific community engagement.
  • Facilitating data sharing and discussion accelerates the scientific vetting process.

Outlook:

  • Anticipated improvements in research reproducibility and integrity.
  • Potential for quicker identification and correction of errors in scientific literature.
  • Strengthening the collective scientific enterprise through enhanced transparency and collaboration.