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Nutrient Patterns and Bladder Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Iran
Marzieh Pourkerman1, Melika Hajjar1, Farah Naja2
1Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutrition and Cancer
|March 31, 2023
Summary
Dietary nutrient patterns significantly impact bladder cancer (BC) risk. A mineral-dominant pattern (NP1) lowered BC odds, while a fat-dominant pattern (NP2) increased BC risk in an Iranian study.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Bladder cancer (BC) remains a significant health concern globally.
- Understanding dietary influences on BC risk is crucial for prevention strategies.
- Previous research has often focused on single nutrients, overlooking complex dietary patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between nutrient patterns (NPs) and bladder cancer (BC) risk.
- To identify specific dietary patterns linked to increased or decreased BC incidence in the Iranian population.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study involving 306 participants (106 BC cases, 200 controls).
- Dietary intake assessed using a validated 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to derive nutrient patterns; logistic regression analyzed BC risk (ORs, 95% CIs).
Main Results:
- Two primary nutrient patterns identified: Mineral Dominant (NP1) and Fat Dominant (NP2).
- Higher adherence to NP1 (rich in folate, minerals, fiber, protein) significantly reduced BC odds (OR=0.24).
- Higher adherence to NP2 (rich in fats, sodium, cholesterol) significantly increased BC odds (OR=5.41).
Conclusions:
- Nutrient patterns, not just single nutrients, are strongly associated with bladder cancer risk.
- Promoting mineral-rich and plant-based dietary patterns may help reduce BC incidence.
- Further research into dietary patterns is essential for effective BC prevention and management.
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