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Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripherally-induced movement disorders (PIMD) arise after injury, often misdiagnosed. Recognizing PIMD is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment, despite challenges in understanding its pathophysiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Peripherally-induced movement disorders (PIMD) are involuntary or abnormal movements linked to peripheral injury.
  • PIMD is under-recognized and frequently misdiagnosed as functional movement disorder.
  • Updated clinical and scientific information is vital due to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of peripherally-induced movement disorders.
  • To highlight the diagnostic criteria and clinical spectrum of PIMD.
  • To discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms and differentiation from functional movement disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted in February 2023.
  • Keywords included various movement disorder terms and peripheral injury associations.
  • Relevant articles were identified for this narrative review.

Main Results:

  • PIMD presents a broad spectrum of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movements.
  • Hemifacial spasm is a common PIMD, alongside dystonia, tremor, parkinsonism, myoclonus, and others.
  • Neuropathic tremor and amputation stump dyskinesia are noted examples.

Conclusions:

  • PIMD exhibits heterogeneity in injury, course, pain association, and treatment response.
  • Differentiating PIMD from functional movement disorders is essential for accurate patient management.
  • Aberrant central sensitization and maladaptive plasticity are implicated in PIMD pathogenesis.